aktive and passive voice

 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

A.    Theory of Active Voice and Passive Voice
      Active voice is the sentence that accompanied the transitive verb with the subject in front of verbs such as actors who perform an act. Examples of active voice sentences are as follows :

1. We eat rice every day
2. You drink milk every day
3. They lock the gate every night
4. The Teacher is explaining the lesson
5. The Students are writing a story
6. He bought the house last year
7. I took the hammer yesterday
8. We have finished the work
9. John has sent the letter
10. We shall invite simon
11. Albert will arrange the books

      Passive voice is a form of the verb phrase that accompanied the three (Past Participle) describe the thing done (by the doer). Examples Passive voice sentences are as follows:
1. Rice is eaten every day
2. Milk is drunk every day
3. The gate is locked every night by them
4. The lesson is being explained by the teacher
5. A story is being written by the students
6. The house was bought last year
7. The hammer was taken by me yesterday
8. The work has been finished by us
9. The letter has been sent by John
10. Simon will be invited
11. The books will be arranged by albert

B.     Comparison of Active Voice and Passive Voice

            A sentence is in the active voice when the subject performs the action of the verb, while a sentence which is in the passive voice is when the subject receives the action of the verb. The verb in a passive-voice sentence consists of a form of ‘be’ and the past participle. Usually, a phrase beginning with ‘by’ follows a verb in a passive-voice.

            The active voice is stronger and emphasizes the performer. When you want to emphasize on the receiver of the action, you can use passive voice sentence. It is also can be used when you don’t know who the performer is.

C.    The Formula of Active and passive voice

1)      Active voice

SUBJECT   +      VERB (1)  +   OBJECT + Complement

See the examples below:

They MAKE paper from wood pulp       

Albert Einstein DEVELOPED the "Theory of Relativity"         

They IMPORT rubber from India           

They MAKE butter from milk     

Alexander Graham Bell INVENTED the telephone in 1876      

They MAKE the 'fizz' in fizzy drinks with carbon dioxide        

They DROVE the first cars in Germany in 1885 Passive voice

2)      Paasive voice

OBJECT + FORM OF "TO BE" (DIFFERENT TENSES) + PAST PARTICIPLE + ‘By” SUBJECT

See the examples below:

Paper IS MADE from wood pulp

The "Theory of Relativity" WAS DEVELOPED by Albert Einstein

Rubber IS IMPORTED from India

Butter IS MADE from milk

The telephone WAS INVENTED by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876

The 'fizz' in fizzy drinks IS MADE using carbon dioxide

The first cars WERE DRIVEN by Gottleib Daimler and Karl Benz in 1893

How to change Active sentences into passive sentences:
Subjects in active sentence is at the front of the verb, and object there behind the verb. Note the changes in passive sentences below. Objects can be located in front of the verb. Past Participle (Verb to 3) is always used in active sentences.

Examples :
1.   (Active) : We need water
      (Passive) : Water is needed
2.   (Active) : They admire Madona
      (Passive) : Madona is admired
3.   (Active) : We educate our children
      (Passive) : Our children are educated
4.   (Active) : They built this house last year
      (Passive) : This house was built last year

5.   (Active) : They will forget this case
      (Passive) : This case will be forgotten

D.                Active and Passive sentences in Simple Present
- Active sentences in Present tense menggunakan Kata kerja 1
- Passive sentences in present tense menggunakan am/is/are + kata kerja 3
Example :
a.(Active) : I turn the light off at bed time
(Passive) : The light is turned off at bed time

b.(Active) : We import a lot of cars from japan
(Passive) : A lot of cars are imported from japan

E. Active and Passive sentences Past Tense
- Kalimat aktif dalam Past tense menggunakan Kata kerja ke-2
- Kalimat pasif dalam Past tense menggunakan was/ware + kata kerja ke-3

Example :
a.(Active) : They signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement was signed by them

b.(Active) : Lightning struck the tree last week
(Passive) : The tree was struck by lightning last week


F. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Present Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam present Continuous Kata kerja ke-1 + ING
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present Continuous am/is/are + being + kata kerja ke-3
Example :
a.(Active) : They are looking at you
(Passive) : You are being locked at by them

b.(Active) : The men are cutting down the trees
(Passive) : The trees are being cut down


G. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Past Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Kata kerja ke-1 + Ing
- Kalimat Pasif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Being + Kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : He was teaching me at ten o’clock yesterday
(Passive) : I was being taught at ten o’clock yesterday

B.(Active) : They were beating up the thief until the police arrived
(Passive) : The thief was being beaten up until the police arrived

H. Kalimat Akif dan Pasif dalam Present Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + Kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
A.(Active) : A mosquito has bitten me
(Passive) : I have been bitten by a mosquito

B.(Active) : We have warned him about that
(Passive) : He has been warned about that

I. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Past Perfect
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past perfect menggunakan had + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam past perfect menggunakan had been + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
A.(Active) : Johnson had bought my horse when you met us
(Passive) : My horse had been bought by Johnson when you met us
B.(Active) : Paul told me that somebody had hit him
(Passive) : Paul told me that he had been hit by someone

G. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Will/ Shall
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan ” Will/ Shall” : Will/ Shall + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan ” Will/ Shall” : Will/ Shall + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
A.(Active) : I Shall carry out this plan
(Passive) : This plan Will be carried out

B.(Active) : You Will not leave the baby alone
(Passive) : The baby Will not be left alone

J.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam CAN
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan CAN : CAN + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan CAN : CAN + be + kata kerja ke-3

Example:
A.(Active): You can practice English every day
(Passive): English can be practiced every day

B.(Active) : We can’t cheat them
(Passive) : They can’t be cheated